The Jewish Labor Movement, founded in 1897, known as, The Bund or Bundism was a socialist movement that promoted secularism, working class politics, and Jewish political and cultural autonomy. It was in opposition to [[Zionism]] or Zionist Nationalism and pro territory-based nationalism. Or the idea that minority groups should have equal collective rights within the state. For example, a Jew would be subject to two political bodies. That of the nation state and that of the representative body of Jews within that nation. They would be taxed twice, with some of those taxes going towards the establishment and maintenance of Jewish institutions. *See:* [So You Want To Be a Bundist](https://www.commentary.org/seth-mandel/so-you-want-to-be-a-bundist/) Today modern calls towards Bundism are appearing from the [[Antizionist]] left. Who erringly believe that bundism was an anti-nationalist and anti-zionist movement. To clarify between these two movements, I will be calling the second [[Antizionist Bundism]].