Metaphysical position that attributes mind likeness or mind as a fundamental property of all matter. Instead of life evolving over time without minds and eventually developing them. These attributes are considered to have always been there. David Chalmers introduced the concept of panpsychism in the 90's. His main question about [[Mechanism]] and [[Mechanist Failure To Explain Consciousness]] was: How could the phenomenon of [[Felt Interiority]] arise from externalities? These were questions of [[Self-Realizing System]]. How can the idea of the self, of being an autonomous and unique individual arise when it isn't something that is required for it's existence? Chalmers asserted that consciousness couldn't have just 'originated' at some point due to complexity [[General Systems Theory]] [[Systems View of Life]] , but that it must be an intrinsic property of all matter from the very beginning. ## Terminology: - **Panexperientialism:** :: The view that *conscious experience* is fundamental and ubiquitous. - **Pancognitivism:** :: The view that *thought* is fundamental and ubiquitous. - **Constitutive Panpsychism:** :: Forms of panpsychism according to which facts about human and animal consciousness are not fundamental, but are grounded in more fundamental kinds of consciousness, e.g., facts about micro-level consciousness. - **Non-Constitutive Panpsychism:** :: Forms of panpsychism according to which facts about human and animal consciousness are among the fundamental facts. - **Constitutive Micropsychism:** :: The view that all facts are grounded in consciousness-involving facts at the micro-level. - **Panprotopsychism:** :: _proto-consciousness_ is fundamental and ubiquitous. The properties that characterise conscious experience are commonly referred to as “phenomenal properties”; and hence the properties involved in proto-consciousness are referred to as “protophenomenal properties”. - **Constitutive Cosmopsychism:** :: The view that all facts are grounded in/realized by/constituted of consciousness-involving facts at the cosmic-level. ## Sources: - [[Living Cosmos Panpsychicsm]] - [[Matthews, Freya (2021) The Ecological Self]] - [[Self-Realizing System]] - [[Mechanist Failure To Explain Consciousness]] -